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Diagnostics

State of the art diagnostic series for accurate cancer detection and treatment planning

Imaging

Cutting-edge technologies for early detection and treatment planning

Our Radiology and Nuclear Medicine services combine state-of-the-art technology with experienced specialists to deliver high-resolution imaging and clear reporting that support accurate diagnosis, precise cancer staging, and confident treatment planning.

For patients with cancer, we make it easier to move forward by offering comprehensive screening and monitoring under one roof. And because our imaging capabilities are broad and highly advanced, we also provide trusted diagnostic imaging for many other conditions (e.g., Women's Health, Cardiology, Neurology), always with a patient-first experience.


Benefits

Radiology provides essential information that helps guide diagnosis, staging, treatment planning, and follow-up:

  • Early detection: Identifies abnormalities at earlier, more treatable stages of cancer
  • Accurate assessment: Provides precise diagnosis and staging of the disease
  • Guides treatment decisions: Assists doctors in creating a personalized treatment plan and choosing the most effective approach
  • Monitors progress: Tracks response to therapy, detects changes over time, and helps identify recurrence during long-term surveillance
  • Minimally invasive: Many imaging procedures are safe and minimally invasive, reducing patient risk


How is it performed

Different tests are used depending on the clinical question and the area being evaluated:

  • CT scan: Uses X-rays to create detailed internal images. Commonly used to evaluate many organs and to monitor cancer over time
  • MRI: Uses magnetic fields and radio waves (no X-ray radiation). Particularly useful for soft tissues (e.g., brain, spine, liver, pelvis, and certain tumors). Full-body MRI is available for selected patients based on clinical suitability and specialist advice
  • X-ray: A quick imaging test often used for the chest, bones, and sometimes for specific abdominal evaluation
  • Ultrasound: Uses sound waves (no radiation) to produce real-time images. Commonly used to evaluate organs, lumps, thyroid/neck findings, and to guide procedures
  • Mammography (Mammogram): Uses low-dose X-rays to evaluate the breast and detect abnormalities
  • PET-CT: Combines PET and CT imaging into a single scan. PET identifies areas of increased metabolic activity while CT provides detailed anatomical images. It is widely used in oncology for cancer detection, staging, and monitoring treatment response
  • Nuclear medicine scans (Gamma Camera): Uses a small amount of tracer to evaluate organ or bone function
  • Bone density scan (DEXA/BMD): Uses low-dose X-rays to assess bone strength and body composition, including fat mass and lean (muscle) mass. It can be helpful in evaluating nutritional status and muscle loss, particularly in oncology patients. It is the gold standard of body composition and can be used by Athletes and health enthusiasts to precisely track their level of lean mass and fat. In some cases, imaging is combined with other tests, such as a biopsy, to confirm the diagnosis and guide care


Interventional radiology

Interventional radiology uses imaging guidance (such as ultrasound or CT) to perform minimally invasive procedures, without the need for open surgery. Many procedures are done as day-case, so patients often go home the same day, with less pain, fewer complications, and faster recovery.


These procedures can support diagnosis and treatment, such as:

  • Image-guided biopsy (taking a small tissue sample to confirm diagnosis)
  • Drainage procedures (removing fluid collections when needed)
  • Minimally invasive treatments (for example, targeted treatments for certain tumors or relieving blockages)


Who performs it

Imaging exams are performed by trained technologists and supported by nurses when needed. All images are interpreted by board-certified radiologists, who work closely with the oncology team to ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate follow-up.


What to expect

Most imaging exams are straightforward:

  • Preparation: Some exams require fasting or specific preparation, while many do not
  • During the exam: You may need to lie still. Sometimes a contrast agent (by mouth or injection) is used to improve image clarity
  • Duration: Many exams take about 15–60 minutes. Some specialized studies (such as enterography) may take longer, mainly because of preparation time
  • After the exam: Most patients can return to normal activities. If contrast is used, you may be observed briefly, especially if you have a history of allergies


Safety and side effects

Radiology exams are generally safe. Some tests (such as CT and X-ray) use ionizing radiation; we follow international safety standards and optimize doses to be as low as reasonably achievable while maintaining diagnostic image quality. If contrast is used, side effects are usually mild and uncommon. Our team is prepared to recognize and manage allergic reactions if they occur.

Clinical Lab

Essential tests for personalized patient care

At OncoClinic, we put patients first by delivering fast, accurate laboratory results that help your doctors make the right decisions at the right time. 

Our advanced laboratory supports every stage of your care, providing essential services such as blood tests to monitor your health and treatment response, tissue and pathology tests to confirm diagnoses, genetic and molecular testing to guide personalized treatment, and ongoing monitoring to track progress throughout your journey. Each step is carefully designed on international protocols to ensure the most effective care tailored to your needs.


How the tests are performed

All tests are conducted by experienced laboratory professionals following standardized procedures.


Depending on the type of test, the process may involve:

  • Sample Collection: Collection of biological samples according to appropriate clinical protocols
  • Processing and Analysis: Samples are analyzed using validated laboratory methods to identify clinically relevant findings
  • Result Reporting: Results are reviewed and delivered to the healthcare team in a timely manner


Most routine tests are processed through our dedicated clinical laboratory workflow. When additional or more specialized analyses are required, we collaborate with our local partner laboratory, Genalive, ensuring continuity and quality of testing.


Who performs it

All laboratory tests are performed by trained laboratory professionals and are reviewed by qualified specialists. Our laboratory team works closely with physicians to ensure results are appropriately interpreted and integrated into each patient’s care plan.


Safety and accuracy

Patient safety and accuracy are our top priorities. All laboratory procedures follow strict quality and safety standards, ensuring proper sample handling and reliable results. Quality control measures are applied throughout the testing process to ensure consistency, accuracy, and dependable reporting.

Endoscopy

A precise, low-risk approach to diagnosing cancer

Endoscopy is a procedure that enables doctors to view inside the body using a thin, flexible camera called an endoscope. During the procedure, small tissue samples can also be taken for further testing.

This method helps diagnose various conditions such as cancer, inflammation, bleeding, and blockages, and in some cases, allows for simultaneous treatments, such as the removal of polyps. At our clinic, endoscopies are performed with the utmost care and precision to ensure clear diagnoses and patient comfort.


Benefits

Endoscopy provides essential information that helps guide diagnosis, treatment decisions, and follow-up care:

  • Accurate diagnosis: Provides a clear view of the internal organs to identify abnormalities
  • Minimally invasive: Offers a less invasive approach compared to traditional surgery, with smaller incisions or no incisions at all
  • Guides treatment: Allows for immediate treatment, such as polyp removal, during the procedure itself
  • Fast recovery: Most endoscopic procedures are outpatient, allowing for a quicker recovery with minimal downtime
  • Versatile: Can be used across different systems, including gastrointestinal, respiratory, urinary, and joint


How it works

Most endoscopic procedures use a flexible tube with a light and camera (endoscope) inserted into the body. Some endoscopies may also involve rigid tubes (e.g., cystoscopes) or swallowing a small capsule with a camera (capsule endoscopy). The camera allows the physician to examine the inside of the body and capture clear images for accurate diagnosis.


Types of endoscopies

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract

  • Upper Endoscopy (EGD): Examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum to diagnose issues like reflux, ulcers, or tumors
  • Colonoscopy: Inspects the large intestine and rectum for polyps, cancer, or inflammation
  • Sigmoidoscopy: Examines the lower part of the large intestine (sigmoid colon)
  • Enteroscopy: Investigates the small intestine, often using balloons or capsules for deeper access
  • Capsule Endoscopy: Involves swallowing a pill-sized camera to capture images of the entire small intestine


Respiratory and airways

  • Bronchoscopy: Visualizes the trachea, bronchi, and lungs for issues such as persistent coughs, bleeding, or masses
  • Laryngoscopy: Examines the larynx (voice box) for abnormalities


Urinary and reproductive systems

  • Cystoscopy: Checks the bladder and urethra for abnormalities or blockages
  • Hysteroscopy: Examines the inside of the uterus to diagnose conditions like fibroids or polyps
  • Uretroscopy: Inspects the ureters (the tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder) to identify blockages, stones, or other abnormalities


Other areas

  • Arthroscopy: Used to inspect and treat joint problems (e.g., knee, shoulder)
  • Laparoscopy: A surgical procedure for visualizing abdominal organs with small incisions
  • Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): Combines endoscopy with ultrasound imaging to examine organs like the pancreas or take tissue samples


Who performs It

Endoscopy procedures are performed by trained specialists, including gastroenterologists, pulmonologists, urologists, and surgeons, depending on the area being examined. The procedure is supported by medical technologists and nurses, who assist in ensuring the patient’s comfort and safety.


What to expect

Most endoscopic procedures are minimally invasive and well-tolerated:

  • Preparation: Some procedures require fasting or other specific preparations
  • During the Procedure: You will likely be given local or mild sedation to ensure comfort. The endoscope will be carefully inserted, and you may be asked to remain still
  • Duration: The procedure typically lasts 15–60 minutes, depending on the type of endoscopy
  • After the Procedure: Most patients recover quickly and can resume normal activities after a short observation period


Safety and side effects

Endoscopic procedures are generally safe, with low risk of complications. Potential side effects may include mild discomfort, bloating, or sore throat (depending on the type of endoscopy). In rare cases, there may be risks such as bleeding or infection, which are carefully monitored and managed by our team.

Biopsy

Targeted tissue sampling for precise diagnosis

A biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of tissue or cells is taken and examined in a laboratory. It helps your doctors confirm whether an abnormality is cancer and provides important details about the cancer type—information that guides diagnosis, treatment decisions, and care planning.

Depending on where the area of concern is located, biopsies can be performed using different methods, often with image guidance (such as ultrasound or CT) to improve accuracy and minimize discomfort. At OncoClinic, we follow global guidelines to perform biopsies with the utmost precision, using advanced imaging technologies to ensure accurate sample collection and provide the best care experience.


Benefits

Biopsies provide essential data for diagnosis, staging, and treatment planning

  • Confirm diagnosis: Offers definitive confirmation of cancer through tissue sampling
  • Accurate staging: Helps assess the cancer’s spread and assists in determining the most appropriate stage
  • Guides treatment: Supports personalized treatment plans based on the specific characteristics of the cancer
  • Minimally invasive: Many biopsy techniques are minimally invasive, reducing recovery time and patient discomfort
  • Ongoing monitoring: Allows doctors to track treatment effectiveness and detect recurrence


How is it performed

The type of biopsy depends on where the abnormal area is located and what information our doctors need to determine the best course of action for you.


Many biopsies are done with local anesthesia and, when helpful, image guidance (such as ultrasound or CT) to improve accuracy:

  • Fine needle aspiration (FNA): A thin needle removes fluid or cells
  • Core needle biopsy: A larger needle removes a core of tissue
  • Stereotactic biopsy: Uses a vacuum device to sample larger tissue pieces
  • Surgical incisional biopsy: Involves the surgical removal of part the abnormal area
  • Surgical excisional biopsy: Involves the surgical removal of the entire abnormal area or tumor
  • Endoscopic biopsy: A flexible tube (endoscope) is inserted into the body to collect tissue from internal organs like the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, or bladder
  • Bone marrow biopsy: A needle extracts marrow from the hip to diagnose blood disorders or cancer spread
  • Skin punch biopsy: Uses a circular tool to remove a deeper layer of skin
  • Skin shave biopsy: Uses a tool to remove the top layer of the skin
  • Liquid biopsy: A blood test that looks for cancer cells or genetic material from a tumor circulating in the bloodstream
  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy: Removes the first lymph node to which cancer cells are most likely to spread


Who performs it

Biopsies are conducted by experienced specialists, including surgeons, radiologists, or interventional experts. The samples are then analyzed by pathologists, who work with the oncology team to determine the best course of action.


What to expect

The procedure varies based on the biopsy type:

  • Preparation: Some biopsies require fasting or specific instructions, but many are straightforward
  • During the procedure: You will likely be given local anesthesia to numb the area. You may need to remain still, depending on the biopsy method
  • Duration: Most biopsies take between 15–60 minutes
  • After the procedure: You can usually resume normal activities shortly after, though some rest may be needed for more invasive biopsies


Safety and side effects

Biopsies are generally safe, though there may be minor risks like bleeding or infection. Our team follows strict protocols to minimize risks, and if contrast or sedation is used, we monitor for rare allergic reactions.

Pathology

Advanced testing for tailored cancer treatment plans

Pathology plays a central role in cancer diagnosis and care by analyzing tissue samples, blood, and other body fluids to identify diseases, including cancer. Through precise laboratory analysis, pathology confirms the presence of cancer and provides crucial information about its type, aggressiveness, and behavior—critical data needed for planning the most effective treatment.

Our pathology laboratory team works seamlessly with the oncology team, delivering fast, precise results that directly inform personalized cancer care, treatment decisions, and ongoing monitoring.


Benefits

  • Accurate diagnosis: Confirms whether cancer is present and identifies the exact cancer type
  • Understanding disease behavior: Assesses how aggressive the cancer is and how it may progress
  • Informed treatment planning: Guides doctors in selecting the most effective and appropriate therapies
  • Evaluation of treatment and surgery outcomes: Confirms whether cancer has been completely removed or how well treatment is working
  • Ongoing monitoring and recurrence detection: Helps track disease progression and identify cancer recurrence during follow-up care


Who performs it

Pathology tests are performed by experienced, board-certified pathologists with expertise in cancer diagnosis. They work closely with oncologists, surgeons, radiologists, and other specialists to ensure results are clearly interpreted and used to guide care.


Key services provided

Our pathology services include:

  • Biopsy analysis: Examination of tissue samples taken from a suspicious area to confirm or rule out cancer
  • Histopathology: Microscopic evaluation of tissue to identify cancer cells and assess tumor characteristics
  • Cytology: Study of individual cells from fluids or smears, such as Pap tests or fluid samples
  • Immunohistochemistry: Special tests that identify markers on cancer cells to better define the cancer type
  • Blood and bone marrow analysis: Used especially for blood cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma
  • Cancer grading and staging support: Helping determine how aggressive the cancer is and how far it has spread

Genetic Testing

Tailoring patient care to your unique genetic profile

At OncoClinic, genetic testing plays a central role in delivering personalized cancer care. By analyzing your DNA and the genetic profile of your tumor, we can better understand cancer risk, guide treatment choices, and support prevention for both you and your family.

Genetic testing helps uncover inherited mutations and tumor-specific changes that influence how cancer develops and how it responds to treatment. This allows our team to move beyond standard treatment and create a plan tailored specifically to you.

These advanced tests allow us to understand cancer at its genetic level, helping us choose the right treatment, reduce unnecessary side effects, and improve outcomes through truly personalized care.


Benefits

  • Earlier detection and prevention through identification of inherited cancer risks
  • Personalized treatment selection based on your genetic and tumor profile
  • Better treatment tolerance by avoiding therapies unlikely to work for patients
  • Informed care for family members who may share similar genetic risks
  • More precise monitoring and long-term planning based on genetic insight
  • Identifies hereditary cancer syndromes and risk factors
  • Enhanced accuracy in diagnosis and treatment response prediction


When is it used

Genetic testing may be recommended:

  • At the time of cancer diagnosis
  • Before starting treatment
  • When cancer progresses or returns
  • When there is a significant family history of cancer
  • To guide long-term follow-up and prevention


How is it performed

Genetic testing may involve:

  • Tumor tissue from a biopsy or surgery
  • Blood samples
  • Saliva samples, in selected cases


Who performs it

Genetic testing is ordered and interpreted by a multidisciplinary team, including medical oncologists, pathologists, genetic counselors, and laboratory specialists.


Key services provided

Some of the genetic tests we offer are as follows:

  • Germline point mutation testing: Detects mutations across various genes linked to inherited cancers
  • BRCA1 and BRCA2 panel: Identifies mutations associated with increased risk of breast, ovarian, and other cancers
  • Gastrointestinal and endocrine panels: Screens for mutations in genes linked to cancers in the digestive tract and endocrine glands (e.g., stomach, colon, pancreatic, and thyroid cancers)
  • Lung cancer and retinoblastoma panels: Tests for inherited mutations linked to lung cancer and rare childhood eye cancer
  • Tuberous sclerosis and sarcoma panels: Identifies mutations linked to kidney, brain, and bone cancers
  • FISH and CISH testing: Identifies gene amplifications and mutations in cancers like breast, lymphoma, sarcoma, and glioma to guide treatment decisions
  • Liquid biopsy: Detects cancer cells or genetic material circulating in the bloodstream for monitoring and diagnosis

Analyzing your results

Screening & Cancer Staging

Analyzing your results is an important step in understanding what your tests mean and what happens next. It brings together information from your scans, lab tests, and—when needed—biopsy and pathology findings to give a clear picture of your situation. In many cases, results are reassuring and show no cancer or a benign condition, and we will explain clearly what follow-up (if any) is recommended.

If cancer is confirmed, this results review helps answer key questions such as: how large the tumor is, whether the cancer has spread, how far it has spread, and whether nearby lymph nodes are involved. By answering these questions, this step (often called staging) gives you and our experts a clearer picture of your diagnosis, helping us make informed decisions about your care.

This process typically happens after diagnosis and before treatment begins, but it can be updated later if new information becomes available. It helps guide your treatment plan and gives insight into what to expect—so you can take the next steps with confidence.


Benefits

Staging helps doctors and patients understand the extent of the disease. Our healthcare professionals are always available to explain staging in a clear and supportive way.


Understanding the stage of cancer offers several important benefits, including:

  • Select the most appropriate treatment options and help set realistic expectations
  • Determine whether treatment aims to cure, control, or relieve symptoms
  • Estimate how the cancer may behave over time
  • Ensure doctors use a common language when discussing cancer
  • Help patients understand their diagnosis treatment plan while participating more actively in treatment decisions


When is it performed

Accurate staging at the beginning of care is essential for choosing the most effective treatment. Cancer stageing is usually performed:

  • After diagnosis, before starting treatment
  • Sometimes after surgery, to confirm the extent of disease
  • Occasionally during or after treatment, if the cancer changes or returns


How is it performed

Cancer staging is determined through a combination of tests and examinations tailored to the individual patient. Not all tests are required for every case, as the staging process varies according to the cancer type and location.


These may include:

  • Imaging tests, such as CT scans, MRI, PET/CT, or ultrasound
  • Biopsy and pathology results, which confirm the cancer type and extent
  • Blood tests, in certain cancers
  • Endoscopy or surgical procedures, when needed
  • Molecular or genetic tests, for selected cancer types


How is cancer staged

The exact definition of each stage varies depending on the cancer type.


Most cancers are grouped into four main stages, from early to advanced disease:

  • Stage I: The cancer is small and limited to the area where it started
  • Stage II: The cancer is larger but has not spread to distant parts of the body
  • Stage III: The cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes or surrounding tissues
  • Stage IV: The cancer has spread to distant organs such as the lungs, liver, bones, or brain


Can cancer stage change

The cancer stage is usually defined at diagnosis and generally does not change, even if treatment is successful. If the cancer grows, spreads, or returns, doctors use updated information to guide further treatment, but the original stage remains part of the medical record


After staging

Once staging is complete, the oncology team uses this information to develop a personalized treatment plan, taking into account the cancer stage, cancer type, overall health, and patient preferences.

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At OncoClinic, you’re not just receiving treatment — you’re accessing a revolutionary, personalized approach to care, designed to support and empower you throughout your journey.